Lithium-ion batteries lead the market for portable electronics due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rate. However, the demand for lithium-ion batteries in emerging applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage has placed increased pressure on the supply chain of essential battery materials.

Recent research have demonstrated the significant potential of MOFs in encapsulating nanoparticles to enhance graphene compatibility. This synergistic strategy offers promising opportunities for improving the efficiency of graphene-based materials. By au nanoparticles strategically selecting both the MOF structure and the encapsulated nanoparticles

In this study, we outline a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-carbon nanotube nanotubes (SWCNTs) modified with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The preparation process involves a two-step approach, first immobilizing SWCNTs onto a suitable substrate and then depositing Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal